Generalizations of this sort can be made about European and North American Art. Such easy timelines are harder to articulate regarding Christian Art made in other areas. Parts of Africa track what is said below about Eastern Christianity. In other places around the world, typically there were already art methods in place when European missionaries arrived. Typically, the Missionaries introduced some European methods to the local artists. Often, hybrid art forms developed. These hybrid art forms sometimes were widespread, otherwise were quite localized. The histories are fascinating. We encourage exploration.
Dates | Methods |
---|---|
100-300 CE | Carved relief sculpture on the sides of stone sarcophagi. Carved stones for signet rings. Mass produced clay lamps with images such as the Good Shepherd. Fresco (pigments – crushed stone – on wet plaster on walls. |
300-750 CE Eastern Christianity | Encaustic (hot wax with mineral pigments) and/or tempera (water and egg yolk mixed with mineral pigments) with gold leaf (ultra-thin sheets of gold) on wood for icons. Glass, mineral, or ceramic tile for mosaics. |
600-1400s CE Western Christianity | Tempera was used primarily for both illuminated manuscripts (usually painted on vellum – sheepskin) and for paintings on wood panels. Toward the end of this period, artists started experimenting with combining mineral pigments with a variety of oils, to make what is called oil paint. |
1500s CE | Some artists using tempera some using oil paint, especially made with linseed oil. |
1600s-mid 1900s CE | Oil paint is used almost exclusively. Canvas and wood are the primary surfaces on which the paint is applied. |
Mid 1900s CE | Acrylics and other chemicals become a new medium for the mineral pigments used in artworks. |
1980 CE-present | Anything goes. Artists are especially pulling together techniques, themes, and motifs from a variety of eras and places and combining them with new electronic media. |
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